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Oracle Data Pump technology consists of two components: the Data Pump Export utility, to unload data objects from a database, and the Data Pump Import utility, to load data objects into a database. You access the two Data Pump utilities through a pair of clients called expdp and impdp. As their names indicate, the first of these corresponds to the export utility and the latter to the import utility. You can control both Data Pump Export and Import jobs with the help of several parameters. Here s how you invoke the two utilities: $ expdp username/password (various parameters here) $ impdp username/password (various parameters here) Unlike the old export and import utilities, the Data Pump utilities have a set of parameters you can use at the command line and a set of special commands you can use only in an interactive mode. I ll explain the main parameters, commands, and other important features of the Data Pump tool set in the Performing Data Pump Exports and Imports section later in this chapter. You can also get a quick summary of all Data Pump parameters and commands (including the interactive commands) by simply typing expdp help=y or impdp help=y at the command line. The Data Pump Export utility unloads data into operating system files known as dump files in a proprietary format that only the Data Pump Import utility can understand. You can take Data Pump Export dump files from an operating system and import them into a database running on a different platform, as you could with the older export/import utilities.

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Often you ll want to re-create a table or create a similar table in a different database, and it would be nice to have the DDL for the original table handy. If you re using a third-party tool, such as the SQL Navigator from TOAD, all you have to do is click a few buttons and your table DDL statements will be shown on the screen. But what commands can you use to get the CREATE statement that created a table You could get this information from the DBA_TABLES and DBA_TAB_COLUMNS views, but you would have to write lengthy SQL statements to do so. Alternatively, you can use the Oracle-supplied DBMS_METADATA package to quickly get the DDL statements for your tables and indexes. As an example, let s get the DDL for the employee table using this package. Here is the output of the package execution: SQL> CONNECT hr/hr Connected.SQL> SET LONG 100000 SQL> SELECT dbms_metadata.get_ddl('TABLE','EMPLOYEE') from dual; DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','EMPLOYEE') ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------CREATE TABLE "HR"."EMPLOYEES" ("EMPLOYEE_ID" NUMBER(6,0), "FIRST_NAME" VARCHAR2(20), "LAST_NAME" VARCHAR2(25) CONSTRAINT "EMP_LAST_NAME_NN" NOT NULL ENABLE, "HIRE_DATE" DATE CONSTRAINT "EMP_HIRE_DATE_NN" NOT NULL ENABLE, "SALARY" NUMBER(8,2), "COMMISSION_PCT" NUMBER(2,2), "MANAGER_ID" NUMBER(6,0), "DEPARTMENT_ID" NUMBER(4,0), CONSTRAINT "EMP_SALARY_MIN" CHECK (salary > 0) ENABLE NOVALIDATE, USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "EXAMPLE" ENABLE, CONSTRAINT "EMP_EMP_ID_PK" PRIMARY KEY ("EMPLOYEE_ID") USING INDEX PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255 STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "EXAMPLE" ENABLE, CONSTRAINT "EMP_DEPT_FK" FOREIGN KEY ("DEPARTMENT_ID") REFERENCES "HR"."DEPARTMENTS" ("DEPARTMENT_ID") ENABLE NOVALIDATE, DBMS_METADATA.GET_DDL('TABLE','EMPLOYEES') STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "EXAMPLE" SQL>

The output of the GET_DDL procedure in the DBMS_METADATA package spits out its DDL text in long Tip format. If you don t have the LONG variable set in your SQL*Plus session, you may not see the entire DDL statement.

This is the most elegant and the easiest way to get the DDL for your tables and indexes using SQL*plus. If you need the DDL statements for your database objects, you should use the DBMS_METADATA package. Of course, you can always use the OEM Database Control to extract all types of DDL for your database objects.

contain multiple elements. You can source environment files, set variables, debug the code, put logic into your entry, and call scripts and other commands from the crontab file. This cron entry is a more complex example:

Clusters are two or more tables that are physically stored together to take advantage of similar columns between the tables. If two tables have an identical column and you frequently need to join the two tables, for example, it is advantageous to store the common column values in the same data block. The goal is to reduce disk I/O and thereby increase access speed when you join related tables. However, clusters will reduce the performance of your INSERT statements, because more blocks are needed to store the data of multiple tables. In order to create clustered tables, you must first create a cluster. The following example creates a cluster named emp_dept that will store the emp and dept tables, clustered by the deptno column: SQL> CREATE CLUSTER emp_dept(deptno NUMBER(3)) 2 TABLESPACE users; Cluster created. SQL> You can create the two tables, emp and dept, that are part of the cluster, as shown here: SQL> CREATE TABLE dept( 2 deptno NUMBER(3) PRIMARY KEY) 3* CLUSTER emp_dept (deptno); Table created. SQL> SQL> 2 3 4 5* CREATE TABLE emp( empno NUMBER(5) PRIMARY KEY, ename VARCHAR2(15) NOT NULL, deptno NUMBER(3) REFERENCES dept) CLUSTER emp_dept(deptno);

Even if you use PrepareMethod, PrepareDelegate, and PrepareConstrainedRegions, allocation of memory on the managed heap can still cause an OutOfMemoryException There is not that much that the runtime can do to prevent an OutOfMemoryException from being thrown..